Currently the market of phototechnique is full of low-cost digital photographic devices that allow getting the photos of decent quality. However, professionals and active amateurs prefer reflex digital cameras, because they are multifunctional and have a higher quality of the images.

What points should be considered?

1. Price. Of course, there are no any restrictions in this issue; it all depends on your needs and financial possibilities. For example, if you take photos for documents, do not consider overly expensive options. For these purposes you can choose SLR worth 500-600 dollars. Of course, expensive cameras have a number of additional advantages, but in this case, you will not use all of their functional.

2. Matrix. This is a semi-conductor plate, which includes many light-sensitive cells (pixels) that form rows or columns. First of all, we must pay attention to such characteristics as the matrix resolution, size and sensitivity. Resolution is measured in megapixels, and reflects what number of cells the matrix consists of. The higher the resolution, the higher the quality of the images is.

3. Lens. It is characterized by photo power, which determines the quality of the images. The sharpness, clarity and lack of distortion in the picture depend on the characteristics of the lens. Objectives are divided into wide-angle and long focus. The first ones have a long focal length and are ideal for landscape photography. Long-focus lenses are used mainly for shooting distant subjects.

4. Optical image stabilizer. This is a special device, which eliminates image blur due to shake of hands when taking pictures. Therefore, before choosing a SLR camera, remember that there are two options for image stabilization. Some manufacturers have inserted the stabilizer inside the lens (Canon, Nikon), others use the stabilization based on the shift of the matrix – inside the camera (Sony, Pentax, Olympus). The latter option is more convenient because you can work with any lens.

In addition to all the above, pay attention to the appearance of the camera, its design and quality of housing. In addition, we recommend you selecting a reflex camera only in specialty store. You can get a professional advice and get a reliable guarantee for the use of your SLR camera.

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Choosing a digital camera as other equipment is done by examining its technical characteristics. It will not be superfluous to hear reviews of current owners of cameras, as well as to compare the images made by different cameras at the same time in the same place. But at this point we will discuss the technical characteristics, as they determine if the camera will be able to give you a colorful picture.

There is a view that the more pixels, the better the image quality is. It is erroneous opinion and misleads many people. This characteristic is responsible for a maximum resolution of the photo that you can make by a device without losing quality. It is important to consider the size of the matrix, on which there are these pixels. Therefore, an amateur camera may have more megapixels than a professional one.

Picture quality depends on the matrix – a unit with a certain amount of photosensitive elements (pixels). It is responsible for color rendition, noise, transmission of small details, and depth of field. The number of pixels does not always correspond to the resulting image.

A serious approach should be to the choice of optics. First look at such an option, as zoom: it may be digital or optical. Good cameras have both, but cheap cameras have only a digital zoom. Digital zoom is accomplished by increasing the frame after the shooting and cutting it to the necessary size, thereby losing quality. The optical zoom is implemented using the change of focal length of the lens.

Digital cameras without flash are not suitable for use in low light conditions. Cheap models are equipped with built-in flash, which is somewhat helpful, but sometimes, conversely, can give an excessive light. In such cases it is advisable to use digital cameras with a pluggable external flash.

The main thing when choosing a digital device is to determine for what purposes you buy it. And on this basis you should decide what characteristics are important for you.

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SLR cameras have appeared long ago, but now it goes not about the history of cameras, but namely digital “SLR cameras” as they are commonly called. Why are they called reflex? Everything is very simple – the design of this camera includes – a mirror. Thanks to it we can see the image before making the frame.

The design of all SLR cameras is the same: the light passing through the lens comes on the mirror, it is reflected and gets on the prism, and you see a picture. After pressing the shutter, the mirror is raised, and for a split second the shutter opens through which the light is imprinted on the photosensitive matrix – the heart of every digital camera. Then the image of the matrix is stored in flash memory for the later use – everything is simple!

So, what is the difference between “SLR” and usual camera. At first glance you can see the difference only in sizes, but this is only for lovers of photography, but in fact the main difference is in the absence of the same system with a mirror.

The fact is that conventional cameras are arranged much easier then reflex cameras: the light passing through the lens immediately gets into the matrix, so you can see the image on the screen at once. But due to the fact that the light hits the matrix continuously – we have too much light, and the camera has to “filter” the image, that is to impose all sorts of filters – brightness, contrast, gamma, color saturation, and this is not the entire list! Thus we have not a real image, but only the image that the camera sees.

Of course, it is not necessary to think that usual cameras are bad, their main advantage – is the compactness and ease of use. SLR cameras are difficult to manage and configure, even in automatic modes, so they are used by professional photographers. For the average layman it is enough a usual camera.

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What is the difference between an amateur camera and a professional one? Currently in the development of photographic equipment there has been a significant leap forward and it is very hard to identify the differences between amateur equipment and a professional one. Buying a camera, every amateur draws attention to the price, at the first place, then the manager tells him briskly about the advantages of this particular camera, but in the end will show where to direct, where to look, where to press and it will be enough for a non-professional. Next he will photograph his friends, girlfriends, etc., without hesitation that the portrait is one of the most difficult photo techniques.

So, the main difference of professional cameras from amateur ones – is a wide choice of settings that help ensure a high quality of photos. It is such features as: the ability to change the lens, shutter speed, frames per second, the length of exposure, manual control of exposure correction, automatic bracketing; now there are cameras with the ability to photograph in HDR mode.

Types of viewfinders.

The viewfinder serves to target the camera on photographed objects. It shows what will be on the image in cases when the boundaries are not determined on the ground glass (the camera does not have a matte or photography is executed not from a tripod).

Viewfinders are framework and optical, which are divided into cross-cutting, mirror and electric.

The most convenient are framework viewfinders: a camera is held at eye level that contributes to a more conventional transmission of visual perspective.

A frame viewfinder consists of two frames: small and large in the format of a negative; they are separated from each other by a distance equal to focal length of the lens. The framework viewfinder gives an image in its actual size and very comfortable for viewing.

The mirror optical viewfinder consists of two collecting lenses, one of which is smaller, placed vertically, and the second, larger – horizontally at the top of the viewfinder; among them at the angle of 45 degrees to both lenses the mirror is attached that reflects the upward rays passed through a smaller lens. As a result, large lens forms an inverted mirror image of your subject.

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A camera – is a device with high accuracy, which combines elements of digital electronics, precision mechanics and complex optics.

If you use it properly, comply with the manual instruction that came with your camera and protect it from mechanical damage and contamination, it can work for many years without repair.

You should keep the camera in a hard cover, which protects it from both dust and dirt, and from mechanical impact.

When sharp bumps, dips or other mechanical forces some of the components and parts in the camera may be damaged – in the first place, the lens and the display (LCD).

Dust and sand, which penetrate into the camera, cause premature wear of the rubbing surfaces of the lens zoom mechanism. Tiny grains of sand, falling on the gear teeth of shutter and aperture, focus and zoom motors, often lead to jamming of the lens, and often incapacitate the photo camera.

The camera cannot be stored in a damp location, as the moisture causes corrosion of metal parts, printed circuit and electronic components, resulting in damage of optics and antireflection coating of optical lenses.

We do not recommend using the camera in a bad weather. If drops of water accidentally hit the camera, you should erase them immediately after photography.

Don’t expose the device sharp fluctuations of temperature. In winter, when the camera is brought from the street into a warm room, moisture is condensed on the surface. Therefore, you should not open the pouch and remove the camera as long as it does not warm up to room temperature.

When the camera fell into the water, especially in the marine, you should immediately remove the batteries and dry. After that you have to go to a specialized camera repair shop for cleaning circuit boards and other nodes of the camera with special solutions to prevent further corrosion.

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Modern digital cameras have a large range of features that make them very popular among ordinary photo enthusiasts and professionals. Most digital cameras available today are superior to film cameras, while still having a lot of useful functions.

Digital camera – is an opportunity to select your favorite photos and delete unsuccessful, make movies with sound, connect the camera to the computer to view photos. In addition, the use of a digital camera allows assembling and editing images in various graphic editors without scanning, which means that with the best quality you can replace the background, change the objects, to make the image brighter and improve some details. With a digital camera you can forget about the need for selection and purchase of film, and the process of taking pictures will be very easy. Digital information is not outdated and does not deteriorate, so your pictures will always be with you for all life.

Choosing a digital camera – is a quite difficult challenge even for professional photography. You need to be aware of the different characteristics of the device (the lens, matrix, memory, etc.), their purpose and functionality. When choosing a digital camera, experts advise, first of all, to decide on the purpose of buying, that is, for what tasks you need a digital camera: for home use, the organization of professional photographic studio, production of large posters, etc. Having defined the main goal, it is already possible to understand what specifications of your future digital camera should be. Let us consider in more detail the key features of “digital cameras”.

Matrix.

The so-called matrix of the digital camera is a device with a number of photosensitive elements (pixels). It provides color reproduction, noise, transmission of details and depth of sharpness. The higher the resolution of the matrix, consequently, the more details it will be able to capture. The high density of pixels enables the processor of digital cameras to build color more accurate. Thus, the number of megapixels is responsible for a maximum resolution of the photo which can be made by a camera without losing quality. For the amateur photography it is enough two-five megapixels.

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